磁悬浮飞轮技术及其应用研究

针对目前卫星上使用的滚珠轴承动量飞轮的不足,概要介绍了磁悬浮飞轮的优点及其分类。首先综述了应用于卫星姿态控制执行机构的磁悬浮飞轮的发展历史与研究现状,重点分析了磁悬浮飞轮的主要关键技术。其次阐述了两轴主动控制型磁悬浮飞轮应用于卫星姿态控制的适应性,较为全面的介绍了我们在磁悬浮飞轮技术研究上的工作与进展。最后展望了磁悬浮飞轮技术未来应用的发展方向,针对我国空间技术发展的实际需求提出了目前应重点研究的方向。     

Power from space: the policy challenge

The scientific community has long embraced the concept of globalized collaboration, recognizing that scientific inquiry knows no borders and that scientific theory transcends nationality. With respect to translating scientific and technological innovation into practical application, however, national, political, and ideological barriers suddenly arise. At a time when the worlds of economics and finance are rapidly globalizing, the world of applied science lags behind — despite increasingly urgent need for global energy solutions. In the context of considering space solar power (SSP) systems, the author contends that these solutions require new ways of determining costs and benefits; that scientific experts should seek active engagement in the policy arena; and that SSP's scientific community has a critical role to play in advocating for consideration of space-based energy solutions.     

萤火一号探测器的关键技术与设计特点

对中国第一颗火星探测器的功能与组成以及超远距离通信技术, 深空探测自主姿态确定与控制技术, 火星探测器热控制技术, 火星探测器超低温适应等关键技术进行了分析, 并提出了关键技术的解决途径, 结合工程阶段的技术状态, 论述了中国火星探测器的设计特点, 对该探测器的研制以及后续相关型号任务的研制和生产具有良好的参考价值.      

地基模拟空间碎片速度测试技术

碎片速度测试技术是地基空间碎片模拟设备系统中的一项关键技术。文章对于毫米尺寸碎片的测速技术,介绍了电探针方法、激光遮断法、磁感应方法、X闪光照相以及激光干涉测速技术（VISAR）等;压电传感器方法、超高速条文摄影法及散射光法等微米级碎片,测速方法。通过介绍这些测速方法的基本原理及应用范围,并对相应的系统性能进行评价,可以为相关研究提供参考。另外,对常用的毫米和微米级空间碎片的地基驱动设备及其技术参数也进行了介绍。     

The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems

To achieve sustainable, healthy closed ecological systems requires solutions to challenges of closing the water cycle – recycling wastewater/irrigation water/soil medium leachate and evaporated water and supplying water of required quality as needed for different needs within the facility. Engineering Biosphere 2, the first multi-biome closed ecological system within a total airtight footprint of 12,700 m² with a combined volume of 200,000 m³ with a total water capacity of some 6 × 10⁶ L of water was especially challenging because it included human inhabitants, their agricultural and technical systems, as well as five analogue ecosystems ranging from rainforest to desert, freshwater ecologies to saltwater systems like mangrove and mini-ocean coral reef ecosystems. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere – a small (40 m³ volume) soil-based plant growth facility with a footprint of 15 m² – is a very simplified system, but with similar challenges re salinity management and provision of water quality suitable for plant growth. In Biosphere 2, water needs included supplying potable water for people and domestic animals, irrigation water for a wide variety of food crops, and recycling and recovering soil nutrients from wastewater. In the wilderness biomes, providing adequately low salinity freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining appropriate salinity and pH in aquatic/marine ecosystems were challenges. The largest reservoirs in Biosphere 2 were the ocean/marsh with some 4 × 10⁶ L, soil with 1 to 2 × 10⁶ l, primary storage tank with 0 to 8 × 10⁵ L and storage tanks for condensate and soil leachate collection and mixing tanks with a capacity of 1.6 × 10⁵ L to supply irrigation for farm and wilderness ecosystems. Other reservoirs were far smaller – humidity in the atmosphere (2 × 10³ L), streams in the rainforest and savannah, and seasonal pools in the desert were orders of magnitude smaller (8 × 10⁴ L). Key technologies included condensation from humidity in the air handlers and from the glass space frame to produce high quality freshwater, wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands and desalination through reverse osmosis and flash evaporation were key to recycling water with appropriate quality throughout the Biosphere 2 facility. Wastewater from all human uses and the domestic animals in Biosphere 2 was treated and recycled through a series of constructed wetlands, which had hydraulic loading of 0.9–1.1 m³ day⁻¹ (240–290 gal d⁻¹). Plant production in the wetland treatment system produced 1210 kg dry weight of emergent and floating aquatic plant wetland which was used as fodder for the domestic animals while remaining nutrients/water was reused as part of the agricultural irrigation supply. There were pools of water with recycling times of days to weeks and others with far longer cycling times within Biosphere 2. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere with a total water reservoir of less than 500 L has far quicker cycling rapidity: for example, atmospheric residence time for water vapor was 5–20 min in the Laboratory Biosphere vs. 1–4 h in Biosphere 2, as compared with 9 days in the Earth’s biosphere. Just as in Biosphere 2, humidity in the Laboratory Biosphere amounts to a very small reservoir of water. The amount of water passing through the air in the course of a 12-h operational day is two orders of magnitude greater than the amount stored in the air. Thus, evaporation and condensation collection are vital parts of the recycle system just as in Biosphere 2. The water cycle and sustainable water recycling in closed ecological systems presents problems requiring further research – such as how to control buildup of salinity in materially closed ecosystems and effective ways to retain nutrients in optimal quantity and useable form for plant growth. These issues are common to all closed ecological systems of whatever size, including planet Earth’s biosphere and are relevant to a global environment facing increasing water shortages while maintaining water quality for human and ecosystem health. Modular biospheres offer a test bed where technical methods of resolving these problems can be tested for feasibility.     

V-22“鱼鹰”倾转旋翼机研制历程与关键技术

倾转旋翼机具有速度快、噪声小、航程远、载重大和耗油率低等优点,本文介绍了贝尔直升机公司V-22"鱼鹰"倾转旋翼机从原理验证阶段的XV-3机到方案验证阶段的XV-15机,再到实用工程研制阶段的V-22"鱼鹰"机循序渐进的研制历程,并叙述了倾转旋翼机研制中的几项关键技术。     

对我国航天制造技术发展的探讨

在分析航天制造技术的重要作用及特征的基础上，总结了我国航天制造技术发展取得的成绩，剖析了现存在的主要问题，结合我国航天事业发展的需要，提出了发展航天制造技术需要重点采取的对策。     

航天数据固态记录器设计问题(下)

本文是航天工程数据固态记录器设计问题论文的第三部分。首先考察系统对于固态记录器的辐照加固要求与辐照试验方法，分析总剂量防护、单粒子翻转和单粒子闩锁的防护措施。在此基础上，分别从器件选用、容错设计和硬件与软件防护等方面，讨论固态记录器的辐照加固问题。给出固态记录器的核心部分存储阵列的可靠性计算公式。最后介绍固态记录器的３Ｄ封装工艺应用现状。     

先进涡扇发动机空气系统与零件传热设计技术验证

本文简要介绍了中国燃气涡轮研究院在先进涡扇发动机空气系统与零件传热设计技术验证方面的研究情况,内容涉及发动机空气系统设计技术、零件热分析设计技术、涡轮叶片冷却设计技术及新型铸冷双层壳型高效涡轮冷却叶片设计中的关键技术。探讨了空气系统与零件传热设计技术中的设计计算方法、设计软件校核与改进、试验研究与参数测试、以及设计体系建设等问题,通过系统的模型、部件和发动机整机三个层次的试验验证,初步形成了空气系统与零件传热设计体系。     

变循环涡扇冲压组合发动机发展现状及关键技术分析

总结了国内外变循环涡扇冲压组合发动机的发展现状,对比分析了有/无能量传递构型的变循环涡扇冲压组合发动机的工作原理及优缺点。提炼了变循环涡扇冲压组合发动机的关键技术,包括总体性能仿真技术、高速宽工况风扇设计技术、加力/冲压燃烧室设计技术、热管理系统设计技术以及模态转换设计技术。基于国内需求和相关技术研究现状,给出了变循环涡扇冲压组合发动机后续重点研究方向的建议,包括发动机总体性能设计与仿真工具、发动机多设计点多学科耦合设计方法、发动机热管理系统设计与仿真建模以及关键部件的设计与试验。